ODAC News

 

Wednesday 18 April

 

The Oil Depletion Analysis Centre

 

 

1/   Dash for green fuel pushes up price of meat in US       (The Times [UK], Thu 12 Apr)

2/   Pakistan likely to face major gas shortfall       (Khaleej Times, Mon 09 Apr)

3/   Shell to raise Nigeria oil production    (Financial Times, Thu 05 Apr)

4/   UK gasoline sales up in '06 after long slide     (Oil and Gas Journal, Tue Apr 10)

5/   Oil and Gas Reserves Shrinking        (The Moscow Times [Reuters], Mon 09 Apr)

6/   Oil Enforcement Agency       (Freedom From Oil, 2006)

7a/  Update from the Middle East            (contact in the ME, Mon 16 Apr)

7b/  Does Saudi Arabia Have the United States Over a Barrel?       (The Globalist, 29 Apr 2004)

8a/  Car Production in Russia Up 13.7% to 289,000 in 1Q07          (FC Novosti, Wed 18 Apr)

8b/  Russian Oil Production Up 4.2%, Gas Output Up 0.3%           (FC Novosti, Wed 18 Apr)

8c/  Russia to Import Petrol Tax Free       (FC Novosti, Wed 18 Apr)

8d/  Russia to Export Floating Nuclear Thermal Power Plants        (FC Novosti, Tue 17 Apr)

8e/  Gas Production to Begin at Beregovoye Deposit in April          (FC Novosti, Fri 13 Apr)

9/   Oil chiefs slammed over dwindling supplies     (Adelaide Now, Tue 17 Apr)

10/  Senators Seek to Cut US Gasoline Use, Save Energy            (Planet Ark [Reuters], Wed 18 Apr)

11/  Iranian LNG considered vital for future European gas supply    (MarketWatch, Thu 15 Mar)

12/  Rising costs threaten global LNG growth –industry     (Reuters UK, Wed 14 Mar)

 

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

1/         Dash for green fuel pushes up price of meat in US  (The Times [UK], Thu 12 Apr)

 

http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/consumer_goods/article1642746.ece

 

Comment:    We will be seeing a lot more of the effects of US corn-to-ethanol on food prices throughout this year, and unless there is an about turn in US policy, next year, when considerably more corn is being converted to ethanol. This bit is particularly interesting, and unlikely - 18 per cent of EU agricultural land to be set aside for road fuel production!? Presumably this is not a forecast, rather an observation.

 

Article:    The price of meat is set to rise in America as the nation’s helter-skelter dash to convert corn into road fuel begins to take its toll on the supply of food.

 

The US Department of Agriculture has said that meat supply will fall this year because of the high cost of feed. Output of beef, pork and chicken is expected to decline by one billion pounds as farmers react to the soaring cost of feeding their livestock.

 

Typically, meat production in the United States rises by about 2 per cent a year, but the pressure from American ethanol producers manufacturing road fuel from corn has sent the price of maize soaring to $4 a bushel.

 

The USDA is predicting that the 2006 corn crop will sell for an average of $3.10 a bushel at the farm gate, the highest for a decade. Faced with extortionate feed costs, cattle and poultry farmers are rearing fewer animals and slaughtering them early. That means a sudden reversal in the annual meat production gain, representing a fall of 1.7lb per person.

 

“There is a new demand component,” Shayle Shagam, a livestock analyst at USDA, said. “Livestock producers have to bid against the ethanol industry to get supplies of corn.”

 

... Mexico’s tortilla inflation crisis is spreading north to the heartland of rib-eye steak and chicken wings. The USDA predicts that food prices will rise by up to 3.5 per cent this year as farmers rein in output in response to feedstock costs.

 

... Food prices rose by 10 per cent worldwide in 2006, said the IMF in its World Economic Report, owing to a surge in corn, wheat and soybean prices. The pressure on prices will increase, says the IMF. The EU’s target of a minimum biofuel content of 10 per cent will require 18 per cent of agricultural land to be set aside for road fuel production...

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

2/         Pakistan likely to face major gas shortfall       (Khaleej Times, Mon 09 Apr)

 

http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=data/business/2007/April/business_April177.xml&section=business&col

 

Comment:    There seems to be several articles in the media at the moment suggesting that, while several countries have gas supply problems (India and Pakistan both have severe gas shortages to the extent that some gas-fired power stations are dormant due to lack of fuel), the problems are going to get worse over the next few years, which probably means from now on. Peak gas is not the issue in these cases so much as an increasing gap between supply and demand, and falling domestic production in some cases e.g. Pakistan. The UK’s medium to long-term outlook for natural gas supplies is in the same league as Pakistan’s - dire. By 2020, the UK will be 85-100% dependent on imports.

 

Article:    Pakistan is likely to face major gas shortfalls, starting with 778 million cubic feet per day (MMCFD) after two years to more than 11,000 MMCFD in 2025 due to continuously declining domestic supplies and growing economic needs.

 

Even with two gas pipeline projects and liquefied imports expected  to materialise in the second half of the next decade, the country would still suffer more than 4,000 MMCFD of gas shortage between 2018-2025. As a result, huge foreign exchange would be required for oil imports to avoid obstruction to economic growth.

 

These estimates were adopted by the government last month based on a pre-feasibility report of the Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) pipeline prepared by PricewaterhouseCoopers and Hagler Bailly Pakistan.

 

... Considering the fact that power sector will continue to be the largest consumer of gas, shortfalls in this area is likely to have multiple choking impacts on the country's economic growth. Power sector's gas demand at about 1,500 MMCFD at present is expected to cross 5,500 MMCFD in 2025. This will be followed by fertiliser sector, general industrial sector, residential sector, cement, CNG and commercial sectors.

 

The estimates suggest that gas demand would maintain a steady pace of increase every year to touch 6,763 MMCFD in 2015 but supplies would start slowing down. After reaching a peak of 4,313 MMCFD, the gas supplies would come down to 3,670 MMCFD in 2015. This would mean that almost 50 per cent demand would remain unmet and the overall shortfall would reach 3,089 MMCFD in 2015.

 

... The government is targeting to materialise the first phase of import of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in 2011 to deliver about 526 MMCFD of gas but shortages would still persist to the tune to about 500 MMCFD. The second phase of LNG import is projected to be completed by 2013 to deliver another 526 MMCFD of gas but the shortfall would remain the same because of simultaneous increase in demand.

 

The government anticipates that first gas pipeline import project (IPI) would be completed by 2015 to deliver about 2,230 MMCFD of gas. This would be followed by another pipeline — most probably from Turkmenistan — in 2018 to provide another 3,350 MMCFD of gas. These three years (2018 to 2020) would be the only period in the next 20 years when demand and supply would converge at about 8,500-9,000 MMCFD. But shortages will again start rising at the rate of about 500 MMCFD per year to touch 4,500 MMCFD in 2025.

 

The estimates suggest that if the country achieved an economic growth rate of 7.5 per cent, the supplies would never be able to meet demand and shortages would cross 13,500 MMCFD in 2025. Even in case of a 5.5 per cent economic growth rate, the gas shortfalls would remain and peak at 10,900 MMCFD in 2025.

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

3/         Shell to raise Nigeria oil production      (Financial Times, Thu 05 Apr)

 

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/471b874c-e372-11db-8ea1-000b5df10621,_i_nbePage=83fca288-3039-11da-ba9f-00000e2511c8.html

 

Article:    Royal Dutch Shell, Nigeria’s largest oil producer, has said it is expecting in the next five or six months to bring back around 500,000bpd of production lost following militant attacks in the Niger Delta last year.

 

The total represents roughly half of Shell’s oil production from Nigeria

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

4/         UK gasoline sales up in '06 after long slide    (Oil and Gas Journal, Tue Apr 10)

 

http://www.ogj.com/display_article/289498/7/ARTCL/none/none/UK-gasoline-sales-up-in-'06-after-long-slide/?dcmp=OGJ.Daily.Update

 

Comment:    According to the IEA and EIA, the UK is forecast to remain a net importer of oil for this year, just. If the UK’s petrol/diesel consumption continues to grow, it makes it less likely that we will be come a net exporter, for the year as a whole. There are bound to be a few months where we are a net exporter.

 

Article:    Gasoline sales in the UK reversed a 10-year slide last year, reports the Energy Institute, London.

 

In line with a well-established European pattern, diesel sales increased by much more than gasoline.

 

UK gasoline sales climbed in 2006 by 572,000 tonnes, or 3.1%, the Energy Institute reported in its UK Retail Marketing survey. Gasoline sales had fallen each year since 1997. Diesel sales last year grew by 1.6 million tonnes, or 8.4%.

 

Total motor-fuel sales increased by 5.8% to a record 40.5 million tonnes in 2006 as registered UK vehicles grew by 0.6% to an all-time high of 33.1 million...

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

5/         Oil and Gas Reserves Shrinking            (The Moscow Times [Reuters], Mon 09 Apr)

 

http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2007/04/09/041.html

 

Article:    The country's oil reserves shrank by 7.3 billion barrels from 1994 to 2005 as the country failed to replace dwindling West Siberian reserves with new discoveries in East Siberia and other regions, an official said Friday.

 

"The proportion of reserves that can be extracted has fallen from 42 percent at the start of the 1990s to 27 percent," Sergei Fyodorov, head of subsoil policy at the Natural Resources Ministry, told a conference.

 

Russia's energy reserves are classified information, but BP's statistical review of world energy has put them at 74.4 billion barrels.

 

"At the current rate of growth in oil production, there won't be enough reserves to keep up," Fyodorov said.

 

Gas reserves were down by 2.4 trillion cubic meters over the same period, he said. BP figures put Russia's natural gas reserves at 47.8 trillion cubic meters in 2005...

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

6/         Oil Enforcement Agency  (Freedom From Oil, 2006)

 

http://oea.freedomfromoil.org/the_video/

 

Comment:    A humorous look at a serious issue. The website states: “OEA is the theatrical wing of the Freedom From Oil Campaign.”

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

7a/        Update from the Middle East       (contact in the ME, Mon 16 Apr)

 

Comment:    News from a Middle East contact.

 

Article:    I had a long meeting with a local media person who, though he had never before heard of "PO", was prepared to listen to me and watched "End of Suburbia" and the Money Program "The Last Oil Shock" (David Strahan, 2000). He struck me as being "gobsmacked" - he understood the concept and implications more or less immediately.

 

He subsequently did his own "Due Diligence" on the subject and I received the following mail from him today:

 

“I think you are right. Unfortunately I can't report that (It has to be all sweetness and light in the media here or what you write won't get published).”

 

I believe "Food Security" will soon become more important than the current concern over "Energy Security" and the impact on this part of world would be catastrophic, as effectively several Arabian Peninsula countries like Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain and Dubai import near 100% of their food.

 

Large irrigated agricultural developments during the 1980s in Saudi Arabia by early 1990s had made Saudi a net wheat and fodder exporter, http://www.fao.org/docrep/W4356E/w4356e0q.htm

 

Since then, these have had to be greatly curtailed as levels of groundwater have declined. For instance Saudi barley growing has been curtailed from 2.2 million metric tons to 100,000 metric tons. Growing animal forage (Alfalfa) for the livestock industry has similarly been curtailed, http://www.fas.usda.gov/gainfiles/200211/145784677.pdf 

 

They claim "Self Sufficiency" in Eggs, Milk & Chickens - forgetting almost all animal feed is imported.

 

Came across interesting Lester Brown article on price of wheat and oil - I wonder if or when they will get back to parity where 1 bushel of wheat is same cost as barrel of oil as in early 70's ?

 

 

7b/        Does Saudi Arabia Have the United States Over a Barrel?            (The Globalist, 29 Apr 2004)

 

Comment:    This article was published almost exactly three years ago. Lester Brown compares the value of a barrel of oil to a bushel of wheat, they used to be equal, and discusses peak oil.

 

Article:    The two countries most affected by the dramatically shifting terms of trade between grain and oil are the United States and Saudi Arabia.

 

The United States — the world's largest importer of oil and its largest exporter of grain — is paying for this shift in the wheat-oil exchange rate with higher gasoline prices.

 

The nine-fold shift is also driving the largest U.S. trade deficit in history, which in turn is raising external debt to a record level, weakening the U.S. economy.

 

In contrast, Saudi Arabia — the world's leading oil exporter and a high-ranking grain importer — is benefiting handsomely.

 

During the early 1970s, before the oil price hikes by OPEC, the United States largely could pay its oil import bill with grain exports. But in 2003, grain exports covered only 11% of the staggering U.S. oil import bill of $99 billion.

 

While the exchange rate between grain and oil was deteriorating, U.S. domestic oil output was falling and oil consumption was rising — which means that oil imports were climbing. In 2003, oil imports accounted for 60% of total use.

 

The shift in terms of trade between the price of wheat — a surrogate for grain prices, and that of oil — is both dramatic and ongoing. From 1950 to 1973, the prices of wheat and of oil were remarkably stable, as was the relationship between the two.

 

At any time during the 23-year span, a bushel of wheat could be traded for a barrel of oil in the world market.

 

... From that year until 1999, it took on average five bushels of wheat to buy a barrel of oil. During 2000-2003, it took seven bushels of wheat to buy a barrel of oil. And now, in early 2004, it takes nine bushels.

 

No one knows for sure what will happen to the wheat-oil exchange rate in the years ahead. In contrast to grain production, which can continue indefinitely, oil production is going to peak and decline at some point — probably within the next five to 15 years.

 

 

Exactly when it peaks depends on the depletion strategies adopted by the major oil companies and oil exporting countries.

 

... The United States, as the world's largest oil consumer and importer, can regain some influence on oil pricing by sharply reducing its dependence on oil. This would also delay the day when oil production peaks, buying the world time for a smoother transition to the post-petroleum era.

 

The United States has the technologies and energy resources to lead this effort. What the world needs today is not more oil, but more leadership.

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

8a/        Car Production in Russia Up 13.7% to 289,000 in 1Q07      (FC Novosti, Wed 18 Apr)

 

http://www.fcinfo.ru/themes/basic/materials-rfcm-index.asp?folder=3352

 

Article:    In January-March 2007, Russia produced 289,000 cars, an increase of 13.7% compared to the same period of 2006, according to the Federal State Statistics Service. Bus production was up 7.9% to 18,900.

 

 

8b/        Russian Oil Production Up 4.2%, Gas Output Up 0.3%       (FC Novosti, Wed 18 Apr)

 

http://www.fcinfo.ru/themes/basic/materials-rfcm-index.asp?folder=3192

 

Comment:    Russia cannot keep up this level of growth in oil production for much longer. Gas production for the year is expected to fall.

 

Article:    The production of crude oil and gas condensate in Russia grew by 4.2%, to 121 mln metric tons, in January-March against the same period of 2006, reported the Federal State Statistics Service. Gas production increased by 0.3%, to 175 bln cu m.

 

Primary oil refining reached 56.2 mln metric tons in the specified period, an increase of 6.5% against January-March 2006.

 

 

8c/        Russia to Import Petrol Tax Free           (FC Novosti, Wed 18 Apr)

 

http://www.fcinfo.ru/themes/basic/materials-rfcm-index.asp?folder=3192

 

Comment:    It looks as though the Russian refineries have reached their limit, for the moment – there are plans to upgrade existing refineries, build new ones, but it will take years rather than months. Russian oil exports could start rising again while net exports continue falling i.e. they import more refined products than export oil.

 

Article:    The Russian government has opened the local market to foreign-made car fuel by cancelling the import duty.

 

However, this decision will hardly change the fuel market situation, according to Russia’s Trade and Economic Development Ministry. On the other hand, analysts believe the demand for high-quality petrol in big cities can increase the share of imported fuel from the current 2% several-fold.

 

 

8d/        Russia to Export Floating Nuclear Thermal Power Plants (FC Novosti, Tue 17 Apr)

 

http://www.fcinfo.ru/themes/basic/materials-rfcm-index.asp?folder=3192

 

Article:    Russian-made floating nuclear thermal power plants are likely to enjoy demand in many countries, according to Yuri Zaitsev, an advisor with the Engineering Science Academy. The Sevmash engineering works has begun the production of such floating facilities in Severodvinsk, in the north of European Russia.

 

“Floating power plants can also be used for sea water desalination. In addition to Russia’s own remote regions, which would be happy to have them, other countries have shown interest, including Indonesia, South Korea, Vietnam, as well as several countries in northern Africa and the Gulf,” Zaitsev said, adding that the demand might grow once first facilities go on stream in Russia.

 

The construction of the first floating power-production unit has started at Sevmash a few days ago. The first facility will be ready by 2010, while six more are to be built by 2015.

 

 

8e/        Gas Production to Begin at Beregovoye Deposit in April   (FC Novosti, Fri 13 Apr)

 

http://www.fcinfo.ru/themes/basic/materials-rfcm-index.asp?folder=3192

 

Comment:    The first major deposit to be put on stream in Russia in the past five years, it will add 1% to Gazprom’s resources.

 

Article:    Independent gas producer Itera and state-run gas monopoly Gazprom are to begin commercial production at the Beregovoye deposit located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area in West Siberia next week.

 

The first major deposit to be put on stream in Russia in the past five years, it will add 1% to Gazprom’s resources, which went up only 2.5% in 2006. The commissioning of the project, which has been postponed for three years, became possible only after Gazprom acquired a controlling stake in it.

 

The recoverable reserves of Beregovoye amount to 324 bln cu m of gas, 9 mln metric tons of oil and 1 mln metric tons of gas condensate. It is the first major project to be put on stream since 2002, when Gazprom started working at the Zapolyarnoye deposit, whose design capacity is 100 bln cu m of gas annually. Production at Beregovoye should amount to 1.3 bln cu m in April-June

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

9/         Oil chiefs slammed over dwindling supplies  (Adelaide Now, Tue 17 Apr)

 

http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/story/0,22606,21571863-5006301,00.html

 

Comment:    From ODAC News subscriber:  “Also mentions Oil Depletion Protocol. Probably first time I have seen this mentioned in mainline media.”

 

ASPO Australia did a great job of getting Peak Oil in the mainstream media last year.

 

Article:    THE Australian Democrats have criticised oil industry executives meeting in Adelaide for failing to discuss the issue of the world's dwindling oil supplies.

 

The party's Senate candidate in South Australia, Ruth Russell, said some former industry executives and independent commentators believed peak oil could be reached by 2010.

 

Peak oil is the point at which global oil production starts to decline.

 

Ms Russell said at that point petrol prices would rise dramatically, pushing up transport costs and growth prices.

 

"It is outrageous that the annual Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association conference, being held in Adelaide right now, does not even list the problem of peak oil on its agenda." she said.

 

Ms Russell said state and federal governments also were ignoring the issue and should develop a petrol crisis plan.

 

"State and federal governments must make sure people can still get to work and our shops, schools and hospitals don't grind to a halt if petrol prices skyrocket," she said.

 

"We also need to reduce our petroleum addiction by expanding public transport, increasing the use of alternative fuels like compressed natural gas and legislate for fuel-efficient cars."

 

South Australian Greens MP Mark Parnell has called on the South Australian government to commit to the oil depletion protocol to start to reduce the state's dependence on oil.

 

The protocol commits countries and organisations to reduce oil consumption by the world oil depletion rate.

 

Mr Parnell said that equated to a reduction of about three per cent each year.

 

"The years of cheap, plentiful and easily accessible oil is coming to an end and South Australia must start preparing for it," he said.

 

"By committing to the oil depletion protocol, South Australia will reduce its dependence on oil and will prepare for a world where oil is scarcer and more expensive."

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

10/        Senators Seek to Cut US Gasoline Use, Save Energy         (Planet Ark [Reuters], Wed 18 Apr)

 

http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/41436/story.htm

 

Comment:    Looks like a serious plan to reduce US energy consumption.

 

Article:    A bipartisan group of US senators introduced legislation on Tuesday to cut America's gasoline use by 20 percent over the next decade and also provide government loan guarantees to automakers and suppliers that churn out fuel-efficient vehicles.

 

 

The bill is the broadest energy proposal yet to come from the new Democratic-controlled Congress that aims to reduce America's energy consumption by improving efficiency in US vehicles, buildings, home appliances and industrial equipment. 

 

... The legislation targets gasoline demand, which accounts for the biggest part of US petroleum use. Under the bill, the Energy Department would have to come up with a plan to slash gasoline consumption by 20 percent by 2017, 35 percent by 2025 and 45 percent by 2030.

 

... Other provisions in the bill would:

 

* Require the federal government to increase its purchases of renewable electricity to 10 percent of total supply by 2010 and 15 percent by 2015.

 

* Reduce energy consumption in existing federal buildings by 30 percent by 2015.

 

* Create appliance energy efficiency standards for dishwashers, clothes washers, refrigerators and dehumidifiers, saving consumers US$12 billion annually in energy costs.

 

* Add US$750 million in government funds to help weatherize low-income family homes with insulation and storm windows…

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

11/        Iranian LNG considered vital for future European gas supply      (MarketWatch, Thu 15 Mar)

 

http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/iranian-lng-considered-vital-future/story.aspx?guid=%7B5C7C47B8-B17D-4F70-BC2F-1E924F20BB79%7D

 

Comment:    A sign of the (desperate) times when German gas supplier E.ON Ruhrgas is looking to Iran for LNG supplies. The article summarizes well why Europe might have difficulties finding enough gas in the not too distant future, say post-2010, namely:

 

There are just three suppliers close to Europe who can deliver additional volumes [by pipeline], he said - Norway, Russia and Algeria. That means Europe needs to look to LNG for additional supplies. "There is a very tight supply market for those who want to get LNG supply for 2010 onwards," he said, hence the importance of largely untapped suppliers like Iran.

 

"Long-term contracts are a key element for making investment possible," and will continue to be the backbone of security of supply for Europe. – but not for the UK, which does not believe in long-term contracts.

 

Article:    Securing supplies of liquefied natural gas from Iran is vital for Europe's future energy security, but political tensions between Iran and the rest of the world are making it difficult, according Thursday to Dieter Pfaff, senior vice president of the Gas Supply Policy Division of German gas supplier E.ON Ruhrgas, a unit of E.ON AG.

 

"There are a lot of other producers (in the Middle East), but all are more of less fully covered by projects already agreed," Pfaff said. The world's largest LNG supplier and holder of the third largest gas reserves, Qatar, has declared a moratorium on further developments, he said, and "other (producers) are not so eagerly looking for additional supplies."

 

In this context Iran, which has the world's second largest gas reserves after Russia, but so far hasn't developed an LNG industry, is a vital new source of supply for companies like E.ON Ruhrgas, he said.

However, he added, "there is a difficult political situation between Iran and the rest of the world."

 

Pfaff said Europe's indigenous gas production is in decline just as demand is growing rapidly.

 

... There are just three suppliers close to Europe who can deliver additional volumes, he said - Norway, Russia and Algeria. That means Europe needs to look to LNG for additional supplies.

"There is a very tight supply market for those who want to get LNG supply for 2010 onwards," he said, hence the importance of largely untapped suppliers like Iran.

 

... "You see China, India and others coming with demand," he said. "It is hard to see whether this forecast increase of demand will be covered by production of oil and gas."

 

... Pfaff said ensuring stable relationships between gas producers and import dependent countries is important, adding the cornerstone of this is the long-term contract.

 

"Long-term contracts are a key element for making investment possible," and will continue to be the backbone of security of supply for Europe.

 

The European Commission has highlighted long-term gas delivery contracts as an obstacle to competition in Europe energy markets.

 

E.ON is planning to build an LNG receiving terminal at the German port of Wilhelmshaven and Pfaff said it is important Europe implements such projects because, "without first having the receiving plant capacity, you will not get the (LNG) contract."

 

He added that even after such terminals are built, it cannot be taken for granted Europe will see sufficient volumes of LNG if supply agreements aren't in place.

 

**********************************************************************************************************

 

12/        Rising costs threaten global LNG growth –industry            (Reuters UK, Wed 14 Mar)

 

http://investing.reuters.co.uk/news/articleinvesting.aspx?type=allBreakingNews&storyID=2007-03-14T182208Z_01_L14598015_RTRIDST_0_GLOBAL-LNG-COSTS.XML

 

Article:    The rising costs of turning gas into liquid and increasing demand in producing countries are the main constraints on the growth of the global liquefied natural gas market, a BP (BP.L: Quote, Profile , Research) gas executive said on Wednesday.

 

Until recently, a lack of facilities to turn LNG back into gas in consuming countries was seen as the chief impediment to growth.

 

But industry executives at the Flame conference in Amsterdam said the spiralling cost of liquefying gas -- which some put as high as $1,000 per tonne -- was now the biggest problem as stretched resources like skilled labour and equipment push up costs across the energy sector.

 

"This has led to a complete reversal in the previous downward trend in LNG costs from 1989 to 2002," Herbert Vogel, the managing director of BP's European gas business told delegates.

 

"Within the importing countries, regasification terminals are no longer a bottleneck to market access," Vogel said. "Regasification access will not constrain the drive towards, and growth, in the globalisation of LNG."

 

Vogel said liquefaction costs for new plants had rebounded from a low of about $200 per tonne in 2000 to over $600, while Gaz de France's LNG vice president Didier Holleaux said costs were nearing $1,000 per tonne.

 

"It's getting pretty horrendous," Royal Dutch Shell's vice president of global LNG supply, David Wells, told delegates, adding that he had heard some project costs reaching $600 per tonne.

 

NEW GAS GUZZLERS

 

Although he said there should be twice as much LNG capacity in the world by 2010 than there was as recently as 2005, BP's Vogel said the amount of gas being exported in future is likely to be limited by growing demand within the producing countries.

 

"Clearly this limits the amount that is potentially exportable."

 

**********************************************************************************************************